Brain Neurotransmitters
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| Research Paper |
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This paper from August 17, 2021 assembles information from a number of research projects targeting the effects of EMF radiations on brain function, specifically how they impact the production or release of neurotransmitters in response to such radiation.
Some of the findings (many of which were observed at a specific wavelength, but most in the microwave range at relatively low powers) include:
- Decreased dopamine in the hippocampus, the area responsible for converting short term memories into long term memories.
- Increase in dopmamine metabolites in the pons and medulla oblongata.
- Increase in seratonin metabolite 5-H1AA inthe cerebral cortex.
- Gletamate and aspartic acid decreases 1 day after exposure; 7 days after exposure in the hippocampus.
- Decreases in NR1 (in the cortex), NR2A (in the hippocampus), and NR2B (in the striatum) subunits of Glutamate. Some increases after 7 days.
- GABA gamma Aminobutyric acid, γ-Aminobutyric acid (which is a neuro-inhibitor to lessen excitability) is reduced in the hippocampus. Other decreases were noted 6 months after exposure.
- Increases and decreases in acetylcholine, which affects attention, memory and motivation.
- Decreased cholinergic activity in the hippocampus, presumably affecting memory function.
Other related research:
- 45 minutes of exposure to microwaves produced retarded learning in rats. Strength: 1 mw/cm2, pulsed. Microwave irradiation affects radial-arm maze performance in the rat
- Behavioral evaluation of microwave irradiation
Abstract:
Establishing safe exposure levels for microwave irradiation is important since new, more powerful emitters are developed and the potential for accidental exposure is increasing. Analysis of the behavior of exposed laboratory animals has proven to be an accurate and repeatable metric for assessing the effects of microwave irradiation. Determining the specific absorption rate (SAR) at which an animal will cease an ongoing behavior has proven useful in the development of safe exposure levels for humans. Behaviors that have been used are simple tasks, and the point at which behavior changes significantly or ceases has often been referred to as "work stoppage." The tasks have been used to evaluate the overwhelming effects of heating produced by microwave irradiation. Both whole-body exposures and partial-body exposures with hotspots have been evaluated. Recent studies have suggested that microwave effects on specific cognitive aspects of behavior such as attention, learning, memory, discrimination, and time perception may occur at SAR levels far below the SARs needed to cause work stoppage. New research studies are underway to evaluate microwave-induced cognitive effects.